a) Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, P2O5, SO3, Cl2O7
b) B2O3, CO2, CO, N2O5, N2O3, P2O3, P2O5, SO2, SO3
c) CH4, NH3, PH3, AsH3, H2O, H2S, H2Se, HF, HCl, HBr, HI
d) HNO3, H2SO3, H2SO4, H2CO3, H2SiO4, H3PO4
e) NaOH, KOH, NH4OH, Ba(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, Mg(OH)2